Planting new legume trial sites across Queensland

The next step in commercialising new legume varieties for producers

A major part of the Queensland Pasture Resilience Program is building on decades of research where promising new stylo varieties will be further evaluated across Queensland prior to commercialisation.

Read more about the background of this work in this Beef Central article from June 2024.

The next phase of research is to test the new varieties and experimental lines across multiple climate zones and soil types to determine productivity of these new legumes compared to existing commercial varieties. A network of 25 new trial sites is planned from Texas in southern Queensland to Croydon in northern Queensland. Trial sites are hosted by commercial producers who have helped with ground preparation, spraying and fencing.

Planting took place at 17 sites during January and February this year with more planting planned for March 2025 and early 2026. Details of these trials and how they were planted are outlined below.

New stylo plants emerging from the soil. Soil is bare except for young green leafy stylo plants about 2 inches high.
Young stylo seedlings at Moura trial site in CQ, 5 weeks after planting.

Legume performance demonstrations

Aim: Compare persistence and productivity of new stylo varieties to existing commercially available stylo and desmanthus varieties across climate zones and soil types.

Number of lines: 5 new stylo varieties (not yet commercially available), 5 existing stylo varieties (Primar, Unica, Seca, Siran, Amiga), 2 experimental stylo lines, 2 existing desmanthus varieties (Marc, JCU2)

Number of sites: 6 in southern Queensland (SQ), 6 in central Queensland (CQ) and 6 in north Queensland (NQ)

RegionLocationAverage annual rainfallSoil typeStatus
SQTexas650mmTraprock, shallow soil over rock TenosolPlanted Feb 2025
Millmerran690mmSand over loamy sandPlanted Feb 2025
Kingaroy770mmSand to loamy sand over granitePlanted Feb 2025
Kingaroy770mmSoftwood scrub FerrosolPlanted Feb 2025
Kingaroy770mmBrown non-cracking clayPlanned for 2026
Roma560mmSand over sandy duplexPlanned for 2026
Roma560mmBlack cracking clayPlanned for 2026
Roma560mmRed alluvium on clayPlanned for 2026
CQCalliope900mmBrown loamPlanted Feb 2025
Springsure680mmBlack cracking clayPlanted Feb 2025
Moura680mmBrown texture contrast (loam over clay)Planted Feb 2025
Alpha600mmSandy loam over sandy clayPlanted Feb 2025
Middlemount650mmBrown texture contrast (loam over clay)Planted Feb 2025
Dingo650mmBrown texture contrast (loam over clay)Planted Feb 2025
NQMount Surprise800mmRed basaltPlanted Feb 2025
Charters Towers660mmRed EarthPlanted Feb 2025
Georgetown750mmAlluvialPlanned for Mar 2025

Evaluating promising shrubby stylo accessions

Aim: Compare persistence and productivity of 4 new shrubby stylo lines to existing varieties in districts where stylos have been commonly sown.

Number of lines:  2 new shrubby stylo varieties (not yet commercially available), 2 experimental lines, 2 existing shrubby stylos (Seca and Siran)

Number of sites: 4 in CQ and 3 in NQ

RegionLocationAverage annual rainfallSoil typeStatus
CQCalliope900mmBrown loamPlanted Feb 2025
Calliope900mmGrey/brown sandy-loamPlanted Feb 2025
Orion680mmBrown light clayPlanted Feb 2025
Rolleston640mmBrown texture contrast (loam over clay)Planned for 2026
NQCharters Towers660mmRed EarthPlanted Feb 2025
Mount Surprise800mmRed BasaltPlanted Feb 2025
Croydon750mmDeep sandPlanned for 2025

 

Stylo varieties

The new stylo varieties included in the ‘legume performance demonstrations’ are from two species of Stylo including shrubby stylo (Stylosanthes scabra) and Caatinga stylo (Stylosanthes seabrana). These are being compared to existing lines of the same species and one of Caribbean stylo (Stylosanthes hamata). To learn more about the existing stylo varieties and how to tell them apart, read our Stylos in Queensland guide.

Trial design

All field trial layouts are randomised and replicated, allowing comprehensive statistical analysis of all results. Limited seed is available for some of the new experimental lines, so trial plot sizes range from 10x20m in the ‘Legume performance demonstrations’ down to 3x10m in the ‘Evaluating promising shrubby stylo accessions’. The total planted areas including buffer areas around plots are 1.5ha and 0.2ha respectively.

Photo of a freshly planted paddock with bare soil in a corrugated pattern from a roller. Orange pegs mark the trial plots. A large storm head brews in the background.
A large trial site at Calliope where both a ‘Legume performance demonstration’ and an ‘Evaluating promising shrubby stylo accession’ trial are located in the same area. The orange pegs in the foreground mark the small 3x10m plots in the ‘evaluating’ trial.

Planting

Trial plots were prepared and planted the same way a commercial paddock would be, just on a smaller scale. In southern and central Queensland, where summer rainfall is less reliable, all paddocks were fallowed for 6-12 months to store moisture and control weeds. Ground preparation was mostly done by host producers which included cultivation and spraying. In CQ, final seed bed preparation was done with a flange roller before broadcasting seed on top of the soil and then rolling again after planting. Seed was broadcast by hand.

Two photos of the same paddock side by side. Both photos show bare soil with a tree line for reference in the background. The photo on the left was taken before rolling, planting, rolling and spraying, so the soil surface is rough and some weeds can be seen. The photo on the right is taken afterwards, and the soil surface is more level, has corrugations from the roller and less weeds.
Legume performance demonstration site at Alpha, before (left) and after (right) rolling, planting, rolling and spraying.

In SQ, sites were either cultivated or sprayed out with herbicide during the fallow period and again prior to planting. A planter with single disc openers and press wheels was used for planting, fertiliser application and liquid rhizobia injection.

A man sitting on a small tractor towing a planter in red soil.
Planting at Kingaroy with a small planter.

In NQ where the summer monsoon rains are short but very reliable, the sites were prepared by an initial, early full cultivation, herbicide application to eliminate grass and weed competition, and incorporation of fertiliser. A secondary cultivation was also completed at some sites where existing grass and weed competition needed further control. Seed was hand broadcast into plots and then rolled.

A man in a freshly cultivated paddock throwing seed out of a bucket onto the soil surface.
Planting by hand – seed is broadcast from a bucket onto the surface of the soil.

This work is part of the Queensland Pasture Resilience Program which is a partnership between the Department of Primary IndustriesMeat & Livestock Australia and the Australian Government through the MLA Donor Company.